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presented by Catriona Steele, PhD, CCC-SLP, S-LP(C), Reg. CASLPO, ASHA Fellow
Financial: Catriona Steele is a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Swallowing and Food Oral Processing. She receives a salary from the University Health Network, Toronto, and she receives research funding from the National Institute on Aging. She receives industry research funding from Benitec Biopharma Ltd. and former industry research funding and current consulting and speaker fees from Nestlé Health Science. She also receives former educational grant and speaker fees from Bracco Canada and speaker fees and royalties from the American Board of Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, and Northern Speech Services. She receives compensation from MedBridge for the production of this course. She has no other relevant financial relationships.
Nonfinancial: Catriona Steele is a member of the board of directors for the Dysphagia Research Society and International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI). She is an associate editor of the Dysphagia journal and is an editorial board member for the Journal of Texture Studies. She has no competing nonfinancial interests or relationships with regard to the content presented in this course.
Satisfactory completion requirements: All disciplines must complete learning assessments to be awarded credit, no minimum score required unless otherwise specified within the course.
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Catriona Steele, PhD, CCC-SLP, S-LP(C), Reg. CASLPO, ASHA Fellow
Dr. Catriona M. Steele is the director of the Swallowing Rehabilitation Research Laboratory at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute. She also teaches in the graduate department of speech-language pathology at the University of Toronto. Prior to completing her PhD, Dr. Steele worked as a medical speech-language pathologist for 10 years. Dr. Steele is known for her…
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1. Introduction to the 8-Point Penetration-Aspiration Scale
Although the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) is widely used, clinicians may be unfamiliar with its properties. In this chapter, we will describe the scale and its development and discuss its properties. We will explain why decimal places have no meaning on the scale.
2. More About the Penetration-Aspiration Scale: Which Scores Are Normal, and Which Ones Are Rare?
In this chapter, we will discuss which scores on the 8-point Penetration-Aspiration Scale are expected in healthy people and which scores are rarely seen in both healthy people and patients with dysphagia.
3. How Variable Is Penetration/Aspiration?
Individuals who demonstrate penetration or aspiration do not necessarily do so consistently across repeated boluses of the same texture. In this chapter, we will explore what is known about the frequency and variability of penetration-aspiration events within individual patients with dysphagia and discuss the implications of this information for summarizing the results of an assessment in terms of swallowing safety.
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