Multiple Sclerosis: An Unpredictable Disease That Varies in Severity

1. Incidence, Etiology, and Possible Causes of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

While MS is frequently diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50, it can also occur in older children or older adults. MS can be difficult to diagnose and is variable in its progression and severity. This chapter will give a historical perspective to our understanding of MS today. It will discuss incidence, prevalence, possible causes, cardinal symptoms, and major diagnostic strategies used for a definitive diagnosis.

2. Major Types of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

MS is described as having one of four major patterns of disease progression. The clinician must have an appropriate understanding of each of these types to assist the patient with mutual goal-setting and care planning. In turn, the patient regains a sense of control to manage his/her own care to stay healthy and well. This chapter will outline each of these types of MS, along with incidence and latest modulating treatments.

3. Management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Due to the variable nature of MS, the interprofessional health care team may find it complex to manage. Challenges arise, not only for the newly diagnosed patient, but also for those living with the chronicity of MS. Exacerbations and remissions are common with this disease. Lifelong rehabilitation and comprehensive health education to keep the patient healthy in the face of lifestyle changes are imperative for maintaining a better quality of life. This chapter will present an overview of the many components of a comprehensive rehabilitation plan of care that can aid the person with MS in maintaining optimal wellness.